Signaling mechanism.



H. C. CRUMRINE.

SIGNALING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION 11,111) JULY 5, m2.

Patented Aug. 11, 1914 3 SHELLS :SHEETl H C. CRUMRINE.

SIGNALING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY5,1912.

Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

3 SHEETSSKEET 2.

H. C. CRUMRINE.

SIGNALING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5, 1912.

1,106,441. Patented Aug. 11, 191:;

3 SHEETS SHEET 3.

'3 in; 55555; Z "7 HENRY C. CRUMBZENE, F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

SIGNALING MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

Application filed July 5, 1912. Serial No. 707,679.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY C. CRUMBINE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful- Improvement in Signaling Mechanism, of which the following is a full, clear,

and exact description. I

Thisinvention relates to signaling mechanisms" adapted'espeeially for use on vehicles to'give notice of the fact that the vehicle is about to stop or to turn either to the right or to the left.

My invention contemplates the use of .a signaling device, preferably a visual signal designed to be. actuated manually, or auto matically "through the instrumentality of any of the operating parts which are normally employed in bringing the vehicle to a stop, or in guiding or turning the vehicle.

In the preferred embodiment of my in vention, the signal includes an arm, a lamp, and a suitable electric or electromagneticmechanism which, to indicate that the vehicle is about to stop, causes the arm to be turned to expose the lamp, and simultane ,ously causes the lamp to be lighted, and to indicate that the vehicle is to turn either to the right or to the left, causes the arm to be turned so as to expose the lamp to the rear, and simultaneously swings the arm in a vertical plane, either to the right or to the left, depending upon whether the vehicle to turn to the right or to the left.

The signaling mechanism, as at present constructed, includes the above and numerous other features which cooperate with those specifically mentioned above, and my invention may be here briefly summarized asconsisting in certain novel details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts which will be described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein I have shown one embodiment of my invention. Figure I is a rear view of the signal and of the main parts which actuate it, parts being broken away, and parts being shown in section substantially along the line 11 of Fig. 3;Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view substantially along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, portions being broken away; Fig. 3 is a side view with the casing in section; 1 4 is a central vertical sectional View with parts broken away; Fig. 5 is a sect on through the signaling arm, showing the lamp carried by the arm; Fig. 6 is a side view of a portion of the motor vehicle, and illustrates the arrangement and manner of operating the signal; Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the steering wheel of the car, show- 'ing part of the manual and automatic switching devices; Fig. 8 is a sideview of the same and Fi 9 1s a diagram illustrating in simplified orm, the various electrical connections.

The main arts of the signal are preferably .incloseif within a suitable casing 10 which may be supported in any desired manner, depending on the particular use for which t e signal is intended. It may be employed on a motor car such as shown at 11, and is preferably supported at the rear end of the vehicle, as shown-in Fig. 6, so that the signal groper can be readily seen by the driver of t e car following, the casing being then preferably )rovided with a transparent rear face 10. he signal includes an arm 12 which normally stands in upright. or vertical position, as shown in Fig. I. The arm which is designed to be turned, as hereinafter described, preferably has a plain or white. rear side 12, and a red side or face 12", which is normally hidden from view from the rear. This side 12 also carries a signaling lamp 12, which normally is ex tinguished and is not visible from the rear.

This lamp is preferably an incandescent electric lamp with a red globe. The arm 12 is secured to a. normally vertical pin 13 which is swiveled for movement about its axis in suitable cross members of a circular frame 14 which carries an are shaped turning magnet.15. The pin 13 is provided with a leterally extending arm having at its outer end an arc-shaped armature 16 which .is

adapted to travel in a groove of thecircular frame 14 and to move into and out of. the magnet 15. A suitable spring 17, here shown as a spiral spring having one end conhected to the circular track or frame 14 and its other end to the swiveled pin 13, holds the arm in its normal position, with its white face rearward, and with the lamp hidden from the rear, but when the magnet 15" is energized, the armature is swung into the confines of the coil so as to turn the arm a sufficient distance to bring the face 12" and the lamp 12 to the rear. Thence, when the magnet is decnergized, the spring will turn the arm to its normal position. The frame 14 and parts carried thereby, including the arm 12 and magnet 15 are supported for turning movement about a horizontal axis upon a horizontal sw reled pin or spindle 18, the forward end of which has a swiveled connection with the base plate 10, and the rear end of which has aswiveled connection with an upwardly extending part of a bracket 20. This horizontal pin 18 has projicting at right angles from it. an arm 21 which is normally vertical and whichicarries "an arc-shaped armature 22, portions of which extend equal distances on opposite sides of the arm 21, and constitute in effect two separate armatures 22" and 22. These two armatures cooperate with two swinging magnets or magnet coils 23 and 24 which are designed to swing the arm '12 to the left and right respeciively. As the apparatus is viewed from the rear, or as shown in Fig. 1, the arm will swing to the left so as to indicate that the car is to turn to the left, when the magnet 23 is energized, and the arm will swing to the right to indicate that the car is to turn to the right. when the magnet 24 is energized. As willbe explained presently, when either of the swinging magnets 23 or 24 is energized, the turning magnet 15 is energized to simultaneously turn the arm about its own axis to expose the signal lamp and signaling side of the arm.

To hold the arm 12 normally in upright position and to prevent the same from swinging due to the vibration and jolting ofthecar, a locking and releasing means is provided, including a locking disk 25, which normally interlocks with the lower part of the depending arm 21, and is yieldingly supported from the base plate 19 by a pair of springs 26. This disl is adapted to be retracted from the arm 21 so as to release the arm 21 and the signaling mechanism by means of a releasing magnet 27 supported on the lower part of the base plate 19 in proximity to the disk or armature 25. As will be explained presently, when either of the swinging magnets 23 or 24 is energized, this magnet 27 is likewise energized to permit the mechanism to be swung as above described.

The arm 12 is designed to he swung through an arc of substantially 90 either to the right or to the left so that when it is in position to indicate the turning of the car, it is substantially horizontal. To hold the arm in its horizontal position and to prevent it from swinging up and down when it is indicating the direction in which the car is being turned or is about to turn, I provide two holding magnets 28 and 29,- see Figs. 2 and 4. These two magnets are supported from the base plate 19 under the swinging magnets 23 and 24. and behind the turning magnet 15. The magnet 28 is energlzed when the swinging magnet 23 is energized to swing the arm 12 to the left, as viewed in l ig. 1, and this magnet thence holds the aym 12 in its horizontal position when swung to the left by reason of the fact that the depending arm 21 engages, and is attracted to the tip or pole of this magnet, this arm 21, of course, swinging to the right when the arm 12 swings to the left. In a similar manner, the magnet 29 holds the arm 12 horizontally when the arm is swung to the right. Of course, when the magnets 28 and 29 are deenergized, the arm 21 is released, so as to permit the arm 12 to return to normal upright position. The arm 12 is preferably swung to normal position by means of a weight 30 which, when the arm is released, always swings downward to its lower central position, or to a point where the arm 21 will be caused to'interlock with the holding device 25. At the free end of the bracket 20, I provide a lamp 31 which serves as a tail lamp. This lamp is controlled independently of the signaling mechanism by aseparate switch, not here sho'wn. Thus, it will be seen that the signal includes in its operating mechanism, a turning magnet 15 which is energized when the signaling arm is to be merely turned on its axis to indicate the stopping of the car; two swinging magnets 23 and 24 which are designed to be energized when the arm is to be swung to the left, and the right re spectively; a releasing magnet 27, which is energized when either of the swinging magngts is energized; and two holding magnets, one of which energized when the releasing magnet and one of the swinging magnets are energized, and the other of which is energized when the second swinging magnet is energized, so as to hold the arm temporarily in horizontal position, or until the holding, swinging, and releasing magnets are deenergized.

Having now described the principal parts of. the signal proper, I will explain the pre- .ferred manner of causing the energization of the operating magnets.

As before stated, the signal may be operated either manually or automatically. I prefer to provide means on the car (assuming that the signal is installed on a car) by which the signal may be operated both manually and automatically. In other words, I wish to provide manually operable switches within convenient reach of the operator, and also to provide switches which are actuated automatically. one or more, by mechanism which brings thecar to a stop, and two operated by the steering mechanism when the car is being turned to the right and to the left respectively. I also prefer to employ in association with these switches and electrically connected thereto, a lamp which is in position to be readily seen by the operator so that he will be con stantly informed of the condition of the signal mechanism.that is. will know whether it is operating or in proper opera tive condition. 1t also serves to remind the driver that the brakes are set. and minimizcs the liability of the driver attempting to start. the car with the brakes set.

For the manual control of the signal. l prefer to provide three switches 32. 83. and. 3t. which may be placed ilircctlv upon the steering Wlltf'tLjIS shown conventionally in Figs. (3. 7 and 8. The middle switch ma be utiizcd for i'ipcrating the turning mag net to indicate that the car is to he v\toppei t or slowed down, and the switches 323 and 3t may be utilized to cause the encr fization of the swinging magnets and .3 3. when the car is to turn to the right and to the left respectively. In close association with these switches. and preferably on the steep ingg wheel, I also provide a lamp 3?). which is to be lighted whenever the signal operated. so that the operator will know that the signal is in operative condition or has been operated. The lamp 535 may he called the indicating lamp to distinguish from the lamp 12" which may be aptly called the signaling lamp.

To automatically operate the stopping 1 signal, I provide a pair of switches 36 and 37, one in association with the brake pedal l 38, and the other in association with the emergency brake lever 39. The switch as 1 includes a stationary contactand a contact carried by the brake pedal and adapted to be brorght into engagement with said stationary contact. The switch 37 includes a stationary contact and a second contact carried bv the emergency brake lever. and 1 adapted to he brought into engagement with l the stationary contact.

For auti'imatically operating the, signal to indicate that the car is to be turned. or is being turned to the right or to the left. I provide on the steering mechanism. two switches 40 and 41. These two switches in clude a pair of insulated or separate contacts 40. 4i. carried by an arm of the slicer-- ing Wheel 42, and a pair of relatively. sta tionary contacts 40 and -11", carried hy a suitable member 43 clamped about the stcering post 44.

By reference to Fig. 9, wherein a simplificd arrangement of wiring connections are shown, it will be seen that when the hand switch 32 is operated or when either of the automatic switches 36 or 3? is operated. the circuit is completed through the battery I turning magnet 15. signaling lamp 12* and indicating lamp 35. I prefer also to include in this circuit a resistance 46 of suitable ohmic value. hen any one of these three switches is operated, the signal arm will be turned about its own axis. and the signaling lamp will be lighted. It will be seen also i that when the hand. switch. 33 is closed by the operator. or when the swit h 40 is closed by turning the steering wheel lo turn to the right swinging; magnet. 24. holding magnet 29. releasing nutguct 2?. and turning magnet 15 are energized. and at the same time the sienuilin; lamp lifi is: lighted. as it; of course also the indicating lamp 3.3. The magnets 15. 24. 27 a nil -29 are thence all conneell-d in series. and no resistance need be provided for this circuit. it will he seen also that when the hand switrh 34 is closed bv the opcratm. or when switch H, cloifui. turning the steering: wheel in; a oounb clockwise direction. as viewed in Fig. i. to iauso the car to or turned to the left. the circuit is completed through the swinging magnet 23. holding: magnet 28. releasing magnet 27. turning lllfifllltl) in. signaling; lam 122. and oitlicatin; lamp 35. all these magnets and lamps being connected in serics with the battery. and causing the signal to be operated to indicate that the ear is to turn to the left.

While the signaling incehanisin may be and is preferahlv arranged at the rear of the vehicle. as a rear cud signal. it can he used to advantage at the front end of the vehicle. especially lor signaling); traffic, otlirials at street ii'itersections. and in many instances. the signal may be installed on both the trout and rear ends of the vehicle.

In Fig. 6. I have sh nn a signal mechm lilmn in outline at the front cud oi the vehicle. as well as at the rear. the from: signal being disignated l0". This signal may he a duplicate of that which is provided at the rear end of the v hicle.

signaling mechanisms. both Slll'lltllF. mav be erated aimultai'ieouslr 'bv th same switelr ing; mechanism hown liagranunaticaih in Fig. 9. I do not ionsider u i'iecessary to r-ll(i\\' a diagram for both signals, for it will he readilv undersloml thatv the eorrcspondinn; magnets of the two signals may he electiicallv connected to the common switching mechanism. and common source of current so as to be operated in parallel.

It will thus be seen that l have provided means for efle-rtivclv signaling or giving arning of the fact that the vehicle is to either stop or to turn to the right or to the left; and I have also provided means under the control of the operator. whereby the siz nal maybe operated prior to the time the vehicle is either turned or slowed down. and additionally have provided means for automatically causing the actuation of the signal to indicate thatv the vehicle is to he turned. stopped or slowed down. in case the signal mechanism is not actuated manually.

I have illustrated my invention applied to a motor vehicle. out it will he understood that it may be employed on-other types of in use the vehicle ls provided both at the front and rear with tile r okies noonveyances. For example, it nniv in: olvantageously mployed on power boats for precisely the same purpose that it is rrziployed on a motor vehi-" o. anti it might he employed also on a steamboat as a signal froz'n tho bridge to the engine room. In some instances, my inventio moth-firions, may be used to certain purposes which (lo 1.11; require i installation on moving vehii'lsw H'oWPVH'. in those claims wherein tho lizll met-hm nisin is defined in asmciiation with a u lllFlG. the word which n inaorl in its hrmnl meme. and not in a limitwl -=ense as indicating: my not air form al" ink: or convoyan e.

Having thus llest'i'iiwd my invention what I claim is:

The combination with a which. signah int; 'lnt llZIHlF-I'fl for intlirnting the stopping or turning of the vehii-ln to the right or loft S A til signaling n'wclninisrn in -hiding an Elllii a lnplwl to ho turned on its longitmli' nni nxin and to in swung from upright position to the right or to {h left. and S61mrate \ltViTS for turning the arm about its longitudinal axis x1nd for mvinging the arm. from upright position.

2, ln (-omhinati m with 3. vehicle. sign-ah inq mechanism carried therchy for indicat; ing the stopping or turning of the vQhinle to the right or left, mid signnlin-r niechaniron nling an arm udziptml to he turned on a n'mgitinlinal and. axis to swung from upright position to the right or to thrleft, and means for turning the. :irni about its longitudinal axi; while the arm is in upright position llllll for swinging the arm in either (low-lion irooi upright position.

In rrornhinntion with a whirle, signaling nm-lmigie'zn mrriml thereby to: inlicat-- inzr ill-3 ripping or turning of the vehicle 4 "f :siiitl signaling'niPOha-- "tilzilltfitl to be turneti and to swung n igiht x ition to the right or to the insane for turning the arm about its 19ft" long tudinal axis while tho arm 18 in upright lio and for swinging; the arm from upright ymsition either to the right onto the left, Said means inc-hiding fl pltllflllhv fif Inag'nots. a urt'e of current, and switching (lfivitiri under the control of the operator for energizing the magnets.

lfA nignnling inerilaniam including an min atlliptwl to he turned on its longitudinal and t be swung from normal position film Iliillt or to the l1 lit. ninl means for i arm a turning mwen'ient liyittltlillfil axis only, or for givto Qini Milk th 51 inning movement i h to the right or hit. and solo turning move-- ment.

In coral" zior 'o a signaling; mochanissm, a movable arm, a magnet for turning with slight I tin-inn for l n n'niqnot f r (tuning the arm fibfillt, in; ion

said nrii about in; ongitudinal Mi" :1 pair f n'msznvts for swinging said arm from nornml nwitiim to the right and to tho it t rr i pwtii'ol n a l s'witfhing moans for to trollm tnl- @ni-i'g ization f will nnigims.

i; lo Illl ll ii!)!\ in :i signaling Winn niwn. H snot-(lithe arizn v. magnet for 5 .rning l. arm nhont. is longitudinal mils pair in; Stllll arm. from no! nnil p S-ition to filo. .fght and to the loft I'P spwtiwly. :iinl stu'itrhing mounts for causing the onergization of the magnet for turning tho arm so that the arm will be given the out mowment only, or for causing the energizzatiizn of salt! magnot for turning the arm nan! one of tho magnet? for swinging the arm so that thrarm will be given tho two nnn'miimlb p T. in vomhinz-ition m a signaling lnechir nimin an arm normally supported in upright nmition, magnets for swinging said arm to tin right or to tho left from said upright poeitirn. magnets for trnirmrnrily holding said zirin want-t, HHZ'QPHXPHY, after being swung to tin; r ght or to the loft and switching liQVlttfi under the ('onti'ol, of the operator for 11 io the r-n igzilcntion of either of Said m inn not-i= and :amniltunooinly one of thiholding: magnets.

R. in nnihirmtion in El signaling IEEChiL- nisnn an arm nornmll v bnpportvil in up righ position looking: nioc'lninisni for holdin tho arm in upright ponitiorn releasing muggnl't for nit-withing said arm. nnignuts for turning: the lll'll'l oithor to the right or to tin: lr-t't from upright position holi'lii'zg mag nets for toinporar ly holding the arm against movement after it hm been swni'ig to the right or to the, left. and switching; (ltViPEH miller the control of the operator for cans iog the rir-r izativn of said magnets.

in 1' onmimtion with a whi -lo having -m-ring n'njruhnrii, n and brake ineor-nism, n signaling; mechanism including an arm nor malty in upright position and adapted to he turned about its longitudinal axis and to c swung from normal position either to the right or to the left, means associated with t ttlll'wll'fn and. operatively connected with .u irak involmnis'm for causing said arm to he turned about its longitudinal axis whseta the ria'ht or to thi loft when the i'rhiole is turm il in tho Awning iii-"ohm" my Links: zlllll SiC-Ql'lfitj mechanism milzng inerhanisin in ii ll'llg a, mom

gitnllinzil axis. :nhlitional magnets for swinging the arm from its normal position to the right or to the left, switching devices associated with the brake mechanism for causing the energization of the magnet for turning the arm about its longitudinal axis, and switching devices associated with the steering mechanism for causing the energization of the magnet for turning the arm about its longitud nal axis and also one of the magnets for swinging the arm from normal position.

11, In combination with a vehicle, a signaliae, nieehanism comprising an arm mounted for turnin movement about its longitudinal axis an for swinging movement from normal positlon to the right or to the left a signaling lamp harried by said arm, means for swinging said arm to the right or to the left of its normal position,'

means separate from said swinging means for turning the arm about its loniitudinal axis, a source of current and switc in devices for causing the lighting of said amp when the arm is swung from normal position or turned about its axis,

In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HENRY C. CRUMRINE. Witnesses:

A. F. Kwrs, A. J. HUDSON. 

